Handwriting is a complex task that depends on different skills, such as cognitive, motor, perceptual, and sensory, closely related to composition and literacy outcomes. This analysis of the European Portuguese version of WRITIC gives us the confidence to start the implementation process of WRITIC-PT in Portugal. WRITIC-PT-TP is stable over time and between raters it has excellent internal consistency and moderate correlations with Beery™VMI-6 and 9-HPT. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of WRITIC into European Portuguese was successful. Correlations with Beery™VMI-6 and 9-HPT were moderate (r from 0.39 to 0.65). On content validity, we found an agreement of 93%, a good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.72, and an excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability with ICCs of 0.88 and 0.93. Convergent validity was examined with the Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery™VMI-6) and the Nine Hole Peg-Test (9-HPT). All participants were typically developing kindergarten children. Internal consistency was found with 70 children, test-retest reliability with 65, inter-rater reliability with 69, and convergent validity with 87.
To establish content validity, we consulted six experts in handwriting. We examined the content and convergent validity, test-retest, and interrater reliability on the norm-referenced subdomain of the Portuguese (PT) WRITIC Task Performance (TP). This article describes the translation and cultural adaptation process of the WRITIC (Writing Readiness Inventory Tool in Context) into European Portuguese.
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